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HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning three closely related fundamental functions with both commercial and residential applications. The concept was coined by Volkart Brothers, being the pioneers in this segment, and was introduced way back in 1950.
The steady growth of the real estate market in India has created opportunities for major developers to promote large format office spaces and associated structures like malls, resorts, hi-tech hospitals, etc. This growth has necessitated in realising the importance of the HVAC and Fire-fighting systems in both residential and commercial structures as a prime essential for safety and health.
HVAC can further be distinguished as two separate segments
- Commercial Cooling - large spaces of hotels, IT parks, malls, airports etc.
- Process Cooling - for sterilized rooms of pharmaceutial and manufacturing industries.
- Pipes used in Fan Coil Unit - 25 NB to 32 NB
- Pipes used from chiller header to AHU (Air Handling Unit) - 50 NB to 150 NB
- Pipes used in chiller branch lines - 150 NB to 250 NB
- Pipes used in chiller main lines - 300 NB to 500 NB
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The primary use of HVAC is to regulate room temperature, humidity, and air flow, ensuring that such elements remain within their acceptable ranges. Effective control of such factors minimizes health related risks. |
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For application of MS Pipes in this segment, details regarding the common practices followed, sizes of steel pipes used, and specifications required are as given blow.
Class of MS Pipes to be used in Air Conditioning and Chiller Systems depends on environmental conditions like proximity to sea, corrosiveness, cooling flow, cooling zone and operating pressure. |
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It has evolved as a prime safety parameter for any real estate development. For any construction above 3 floors. irrespectie of being residential or commercial and manufacturing units, fire-fighting is now a mandatory requirement.
Tata Pipes have forged market leadership in the Fire-fighting segments by providing a clearly superior performance over competition. Usage in projects throughout India is testimony to Tata Pipes' attention to quality and safely.
Sizes normally used range from 25mm to 300mm NB "C" Class MS Pipes with plain end or socketed confirming to IS: 1239 & IS: 3589 specifications.
In an internal hydrant, the installation comprises of the following elements:
- Riser mains, down-comer mains or external mains to feed water from the source to the required point under pressure
- Fire fighting pump/pumps with all fitments and components and pump control panel, housed in a pump house
- All necessary components like internal hydrants (landing valves) and external hydrants, hose reels, hoses and branch pipes, suitably housed.
- Hydrant valves - to be mounted horizontally to prevent impurity deposition
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Basic requirements as per standard norms of Fire-Fighting (IS 3844 & IS 9668) in high-rise buildings are as given below.
- For buildings of height of 18 mtrs to 30 mtrs, the risers should not be less than 100mm internal diameter.
- For buildings exceeding height of 30 mtrs, the risers should not be less than 150mm diameter.
- The hydrant coupling valve in each floor should be of minimum 65mm MS Pipe
- Hose reel bore of 25mm diameter with 8mm hose should be used
- For effective water jet force, a 12.5mm bore nozzle should be used
- Overhead tank should not be of capacity less than 20,000 litres
- The underground tank should not be of capacity less than, 100,000 liters
- Depending on the height of the building , 80mm to 100mm pipes should be used for line from pump to main hydrant
- For individual floor lines, pipes of diameter 25mm to 32mm should be used
- For sprinkler system, 25mm pipes should be used
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- For external hyderants, piping (water main) should be laid preferably underground, to avoid it getting damaged by moving vehicles, etc.
- To avoid rusting, underground pipes should be either of cast iron conforming to IS 1536 or MS/GI conforming to IS 1239, in which case it should be properly treated with a coat of primary paint with two coats of bitumen paint
- The pipes should be properly supported on pedestals - not more than 3m apart
- Underground pipes should be laid 1m below to avoid damage during road repair. At road crossings where heavy vehicles are expected to pass, it should pass through RCC pipe for additional protection
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The suction and delivery pipes should be of adequate size to meet the functional requirements of the pump, and should not be less than following: |
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Schematic diagram of conventional Fire Fighting hydrant system |
- The rising mains/down-comer mains should be of galvanized iron pipes conforming to medium class of IS1239
- The pump should have an alternate source of power supply in case of emergency
- The main fire pump at the underground water tank, with the capacity to discharge 900 liters per minute at 3 bar pressure as measured at the terrace level, should be installed
- Good quality pumps like lubi or Kirloskar should be used for better fire fighting efficiency
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